When the Earth moved

The Earth is flat when personally significant experiences with the sphericity of the Earth are absent.

Participants with personal and without personal experiences with the Earth as a sphere estimated large-scale distances between six cities located on different continents. Cognitive distances were submitted to a specific multidimensional scaling algorithm in the 3D Euclidean space with the constraint that all cities had to lie on the same sphere. A simulation was run that calculated respective 3...

Evolution. When did photosynthesis emerge on Earth?

Life began early in Earth's history, but it was the emergence of photosynthesis that allowed its proliferation across the planet, because it freed life from its sole dependence on abiotic chemical sources of reducing power. Des Marais discusses recent geological and molecular biological evidence, such as the paper by Xiong et al., that photosynthesis emerged at least 2,800 million years ago.

When Did Photosynthesis Emerge on Earth?

Life began very early in Earth's history, perhaps before 3800 million years ago (Ma) (1), and achieved remarkable levels of metabolic sophistication before the end of the Archean around 2500 Ma (2, 3). The great antiquity of our biosphere might indeed illustrate how easily life can arise on a habitable planet, but it also portends the challenges that confront our efforts to become intimately fa...

Parents who moved against the tide.

Moved by movement

Major depression (MD) is a common and debilitating condition. To expand knowledge on adjunctive treatment perspectives, this thesis explores a physical therapy approach in the treatment of MD. Specifically, in five studies, the thesis aims to: I) examine the quality of evidence for exercise in the treatment of MD; II) explore depression as an embodied phenomenon; III) evaluate the effects of ad...